Simulation study of the performance of quadruple-GEM detectors

Background Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors are widely used for high-energy physics experiments, such as the triple-GEM detector installed in CMS, due to their excellent performance. A quadruple-GEM detector is regarded as the candidate for the upgrade projects of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Method In this paper, key performance characteristics of quadruple-GEM detectors are studied in detail based on Monte Carlo simulation using the Garfield++ and ANSYS software packages. The parameterization method is adopted. Result The spatial and time resolution, effective gain, efficiency, and electron transparency are obtained via simulation for different detector geometries and operating conditions. We create a quadruple-GEM structure that meets the geometric requirements of the CMS endcap muon detectors. Conclusion These studies help to understand the physical mechanisms of GEM detectors and provide references for the detector design, operating condition optimization and technical scheme selection in future applications.