Overexpression of Homer1b/c induces valproic acid resistance in epilepsy.

AIMS:Resistance to valproic acid (VPA) is a major challenge for epilepsy treatment. We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying this resistance. METHODS:Pentylenetetrazol-induced chronic epileptic rats were administered VPA (250 mg/Kg) for 14 days; rats with controlled seizure stages (seizure score14th-before  ≤0) and latent time (latent time14th-before  ≥0) were considered VPA-responsive, while the others were considered nonresponsive. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VPA-responsive and nonresponsive rat hippocampus transcriptomes were identified, and their functions were evaluated. The roles of postsynaptic density (PSD) and Homer1 were also determined. Furthermore, a subtype of Homer1 (Homer1b/c) was overexpressed or silenced in HT22 cells to determine its effect on VPA efficacy. Moreover, the membrane levels of mGluR1/5 directly bound to Homer1b/c were assessed. RESULTS:Overall, 264 DEGs commonly enriched in the PSD between VPA-responsive and nonresponsive rats. Among them, Homer1 was more highly expressed in the hippocampus of nonresponses compared to that of responses. Overexpression of Homer1b/c interrupted VPA efficacy by increasing reactive oxygen species production, lactate dehydrogenase release, and calcium content. Furthermore, it induced the overexpression of mGluR1 and mGluR5. CONCLUSION:Overexpression of Homer1b/c influenced VPA efficacy, revealing it could be a target to improve the efficacy of this treatment.