The association of self-control, self-efficacy, and demographic characteristics with home-based E-learning behavior in nursing and midwifery undergraduates: A cross-sectional study under the COVID-19 epidemic

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nursing and midwifery undergraduate students' time spent in home isolation and being engaged in home-based e-learning was extended. Limited research has been conducted on home-based e-learning behavior during home isolation, and the relationships between individual factors, such as self-control, self-efficacy, and other demographic characteristics, and home -based e-learning behavior are unclear.Objectives: This study aimed to explore the associations between self-control, self-efficacy, and demographic information with home-based e-learning behavior among nursing and midwifery undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and methods: A cross-sectional study was employed, and an online survey was conducted with 3733 nursing and midwifery undergraduates across seven provinces and cities in mainland China. Data were collected using the Brief Self-control Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, Undergraduate Home-based E-learning Behavior Questionnaire, and Demographic Information Questionnaire. A multiple linear regression analysis using the stepwise method was conducted to identify predictors of home-based e-learning behavior. Results: Undergraduates achieved an overall mean score of 26.02 (SD = 4.20) for home-based e-learning behavior and an overall mean score of 42.54 (SD = 6.22) and 27.59 (SD = 3.89) for self-control and self-efficacy, respectively. Better self-control (ll = 0.250, P < 0.001), higher self-efficacy (ll = 0.169, P < 0.001), univer-sities being located in non-Hainan provinces (ll = 0.249, P < 0.001), being a sophomore or freshman (ll =-0.255, P < 0.001), and good perceived health status (ll =-0.044, P = 0.003) were identified as the predictors of better home-based e-learning behavior among nursing and midwifery undergraduates.Conclusion: Self-control, self-efficacy, and demographic characteristics including the province of the university, grade level, and personal perceived health status were associated with home-based e-learning behavior. Uni-versities should help nursing and midwifery undergraduates improve self-control and enhance self-efficacy while taking measures to decrease the impact caused by demographic characteristic differences.