Bi-level Optimal Energy Storage System Configuration in Active Distribution Network

Considering the ability of rapid power regulation and energy charging and discharging, the energy storage system (ESS) is of great importance for active distribution network (ADN) to enhance renewable energy accommodation. This paper proposes a bi-level optimization approach to conFigure the ESS in ADN. In the inner-level optimization, the low-pass filtering algorithm is implemented for the extraction of high-frequency integration power and a bi-objective optimization model is established to minimize the high-frequency power variation and renewable energy curtailment. Subsequently, in the outer-level optimization, the other bi-objective optimization model incorporating the minimization of capital cost and renewable energy curtailment is established based on the inner-level model. Furthermore, the inner-and outer-level optimization models are solved alternately and iteratively via the coupling variables, in which the inner-level model is solved by the scalarization method and particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the outer-level model is solved by the NSGA-II. A case study is presented to verify the proposed model and corresponding solving approach.