A reappraisal of Jeddaherdan aleadonta (Squamata: Acrodonta), the purported oldest iguanian lizard from Africa

Jeddaherdan aleadonta Apesteguía et al., 2016 is currently known as the first and single Mesozoic iguanian lizard from Africa. The original description and age of the holotype and only known specimen (i.e. a dentary fragment bearing five teeth) are revised here. We show that this fragmentary specimen was misinterpreted anatomically, does not come from Cretaceous beds but is instead Quaternary in age, and must be assigned to an indeterminate species of Uromastyx (spiny-tailed lizards). Therefore, the genus Jeddaherdan is considered a junior synonym of Uromastyx, and the species J. aleadonta (= Uromastyx sp.) is considered a nomen dubium. Our results refute the presence of iguanian lizards in the Mesozoic of Africa and have major implications for reconstructing the evolution and palaeobiogeography of this group.