Effect of aerobic exercise on cardiotoxic outcomes in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline or trastuzumab treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose We aimed to assess the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) on parameters related to cardiotoxicity in breast cancer (BC) patients receiving anthracycline or trastuzumab. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies on AE via the screening of standard databases from their inception to January 18, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed qualitatively using the domains outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Data were analyzed quantitatively using fixed effects meta-analysis and subgroup analysis in RevMan software. Notable outcomes included imaging outcomes of cardiotoxicity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiac biomarkers. Results A meta-analysis of the pooled evidence obtained from seven studies revealed that AE significantly increased peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak) and E/A values, compared to the values observed during usual care. Moreover, AE was safe and feasible, and was associated with a lower risk of adverse effects, a higher participation rate, and better results, when combined with resistance exercise. Conclusion In BC patients receiving anthracyclines or trastuzumab, the effects of AE on the levels of cardiotoxicity were mixed; the diastolic functions and VO 2 peak values were improved, biomarkers were not affected, and the overall improvements in the levels of cardiotoxicity were promising, despite the use of different exercise parameters.