The global prevalence of human papillomavirus causing cervical cancer: a literature review

Relevance: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in sexually active men and women. The direct and proven relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer development HPV global epidemiological studies to ensure prevention in areas with high HPV prevalence. The study aimed to analyze the global age-related HPV prevalence over the past decade. Methods: Sources for the literature review were obtained from the PUBMED and MEDLINE databases for the past ten years by the keywords “human papillomavirus,” “prevalence,” and “cervical cancer.” The review included randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: HPV rates were the highest in Africa (24%), Eastern Europe (21.4%), and Latin America (16.1%). The most common HPV types worldwide were HPV 16 (3.2%), 18 (1.4%), 52 (0.9%), 31 (0.8%), and 58 (0.7%). HPV prevalence in the Republic of Kazakhstan is underexplored since epidemiological studies were conducted only in some regions. HPV high-risk types16 and 18 prevail in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusion: The analysis of the global HPV epidemiology revealed its high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. HPV’s higher prevalence in young women justifies the need to improve and implement HPV vaccination programs.