A History of Pediatric Neuropsychology

Abstract Pediatric neuropsychology is the subspecialty of clinical neuropsychology that encompasses professional practice with children and adolescents. This chapter provides a topical, chronological, and biopsychosocial perspective, extending from Aristotle to Obama, on the confluence of cultural contexts, social policy, scientific research, training programs, clinical practice, and professional organizing that have shaped the subspecialty. Topics discussed include the changing conceptualization of how children develop and learn in relation to their environments; pediatric psychometrics and identification of children with developmental disabilities; medical conditions and brain–behavior research; professionalization of the subspecialty via education, training, and certification programs; special education, learning disabilities; and social development. Technology is noted as a driver of change in research, practice, and professional organizing. Finally, the chapter addresses the legacy and ongoing need for advocacy.