Insight on abiotic stress management in plants by improving plant nutritional status

Climate change is a silent killer that has disastrous consequences for living things. Plants, as sessile creatures, are exposed to a wide spectrum of biotic stress. Climate change intensifies and prolongs stress, causing plants to reduce their growth for survival. A few examples of what plants produce are reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 1% to 2% of the oxygen consumed, Singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radical (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (OH). Aerobic system happens in many different cellular components, including chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In plant cells, the compliance connectivity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties seems to regulate ROS levels within the cells at a safe range. However, under stressful situations, ROS generation accelerates dramatically, outpacing the capacity of antioxidant scavengers, resulting in an oxidative burst that destroys biomolecules and alters cellular redox equilibrium. When ROS is present at a level lower than the threshold, it acts as a double-edged sword, crop growth and improvement, and plant stress through reductant signal transduction. In plant cells, the synthesis of ROS has both beneficial and harmful repercussions. On the other hand, the specific processes of ROS-mediated stress reduction are yet unclear. As a result, this review covers the current state of recognized production areas, indicating processes, impacts, and the control of ROS within stressed plant tissue. Furthermore, the relevance of contemporary methods, namely the effect of molecular priming, systems biology, phenomics, and crop modeling in avoiding oxidative stress and diverting ROS into signaling pathways are discussed.