Smart Milli-capsules manipulated by nIR Irradiation for Controllable Drug Delivery in-vivo for Renal Cell Carcinoma and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cancer and neurodegeneration which are responsible for million deaths worldwide, have urgent requests for drug administration with little to no side-effects. Current designs of drug-delivery, however, are con-strained by either treatment effectiveness caused by imprecise control of drug-concentrations, or treatment-related toxicities caused by drugs-themselves or drug-carrier-systems, as well as the safety and feasibility. In this study, on account of the penetration ability through tissues of near-infrared (nIR) lights and the nIR-absorption ability of graphene oxide (GO), the GO-based milli-capsule is con-structed, with controlled drug release ability by photomechanical deformation and wireless nIR manip-ulation. When radiation powers increasing from 0.1 to 0.5 W, drug dosages are in the range of 0lg (0 drop) to 225 lg (five drops). The cytotoxicity of GO-based capsules in vitro is evaluated by embedded GO as drugs and released GO in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). When the capsules irradiated under 0.5 W and released different amounts of GO-drops in ccRCC, GO-concentrations increase from 0 to 80 lg center dot mL-1 and the proportions of apoptotic cells increase 2.85 times, which proves milli-capsules inhibit ccRCC cells proliferation in a GO-concentration-dependent manner by accurate GO-dosing control. Other drugs such as siRNA furnishing an additional practicability-proof for neurodegeneration therapy.(c) 2022 Xi'an Jiaotong University. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).