NF kappa B1 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Severe Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Canadian Population

Background: We examined associations between NF kappa B1 polymorphisms and influenza A (H1N1) clinical outcomes in Canadian. Methods: A total of thirty-six Caucasian patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in hospitals in Canada were recruited during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples. The NFkB1 gene was targeted for genotyping using next-generation sequencing technology-Roche 454. Results: A total of 136 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered within the NF kappa B1 gene. Among them, 63 SNPs were significantly enriched in patients admitted in the ICU (p < 0.05) compared with the British Caucasian population in the 1000 Genomes study. These enriched SNPs are mainly intron variants, and only two are exon SNPs from the non-transcribing portion of the NF kappa B1 gene. Conclusions: Genetic variations in the NF kappa B1 gene could influence clinical outcomes of pandemic H1N1 infections. Our findings showed that sequence variations of the NF kappa B1 gene might influence patient response to influenza infection.