Comparative Evaluation of Mineral and Organo-Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and the Role of Amino Acids as Plant Growth Promoters in Maize Cultivation

The challenge to increase nitrogen uptake efficiency in intensively cultivated soils without runoffs and atmospheric release has been difficult to handle and usually leads to the excess application of mineral fertilizers. In the present study, four combinations of two different N fertilizers and a control were used in maize cultivation to evaluate the use of different types of N fertilization in the case of agronomic and plant physiology characteristics, as well as the quantity and quality characteristics of maize’s yield. The results show that, when the full rate of mineral fertilization with the addition of half rate of organo-mineral fertilizer with amino acids (MF+OMAA/2) was used, maize presented a 16% yield increase in comparison with the control, followed by mineral fertilization (MF) with a 10% increase. Protein content was increased in all treatments by 3–6% compared to the control, with the conventional fertilization and the alternates with lower rates of mineral fertilization not differing significantly. The nitrogen content in the leaves of maize increased in both measurements (11–23% and 19–40% at 70 and 107 days after sowing, respectively) of the different fertilizer treatments compared to the control. The results of this study confirm that the organo-mineral fertilizer containing amino acids can be used as an alternative or additive N fertilization that can decrease the use of conventional mineral fertilizers or can result in improved seed productivity and protein content in maize farms.