Dual Fluorescence of Octatetraene Hints at a Novel Type of Singlet-to-Singlet Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Process

A novel type of singlet-to-singlet thermally activated delayed fluorescence (STS-TADF) from the optically bright 1(1)B(u)(+) and dark 2(1)A(g)(-) states of octatetraene is proposed based on state-of-the-art ab initio simulations. The new phenomenon bears similarity with TADF, the key difference being that in the normal TADF the emissive state is repopulated from a nearby triplet, whereas in STS-TADF it occurs from a nearby dark singlet state (2(1)A(g)(-)). The nonadiabatic populations of the bright and dark singlet excited states are dynamically redistributed through a conical intersection mediated by an ultrafast skeleton C-C stretching vibration, establishing a steady state for a sufficiently long time to undergo radiative decay. The steady state manifests itself in the experimentally observed dual fluorescence. It is expected that the STS-TADF can be observed in other it-conjugated chromophores as well.