Comparison on properties between normal and A2 bovine milk fermented using commercial bacteria mixed with/without two probiotics from human milk

The purpose of this study was to compare the structural and physical properties between normal bovine milk and A2 bovine milk fermented using commercial fermentation bacteria mixing with/without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MWLp-12 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum MWLf-4 screening from human milk. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), SDS-PAGE and inverted fluorescence microscope were used for analyzing the structural differences. Titratable acidity and pH, water holding capacity, rheology, texture performances, and chromaticity value were determined for evaluating differences in the physical properties. We found that A2 fermented milk had better viscosity characteristics and stable structure than normal fermented milk. Importantly, the significant differences in structure and physical properties would affirm that differences structures were existing in casein micelle between normal bovine milk and A2 bovine milk. In addition, the addition of MWLp-12 and MWLf-4 strains could enhance the proteolysis and bring in more pilotaxitic texture leading to the fermented milk pos-sessing a greater texture performance. Therefore, this study will be an interest to the dairy industry for devel-oping novel dairy products, and the two strains will be the potential probiotics to be applied on fermented milk preparation.