Effect of macronutrients and micronutrients on biochemical properties in Paulownia shantung

Paulownia ( Paulownia sp) is a fast-growing, industrial and ornamental tree, which has medicinal usages. The effect of nutrients in in vitro regenerated plantlets and somaclonal variation was investigated. Biochemical traits (soluble leaf protein, anthocyanin, flavonoid, proline, carotenoid contents and photosynthetic pigment amounts) in induced embryos and regenerated plantlets were measured. The media of A/2 MS, half-strength MS, and ½& A/4 MS supplemented with a combination of TDZ, 2,4-D, Kin, BAP and GA 3 hormones -eight media totally- were used. The shortest duration for direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis was observed in media number eight (½& A/4 MS + 0.3 mg/l 2,4-D + 2 mg/l Kin + 4 mg/l BAP + 0.3 mg/l GA 3 ). Moreover, this medium showed the highest frequency in calli induction, somatic embryos and regenerations. We showed the privilege of full-strength MS in an in vitro propagation of paulownia with no-somaclonal and genomic alterations. For the media with reduced nutrient strength to one-fourth and one-second, somaclonal variation and genomic changes were recorded. Media with decreased macronutrients to half and a quarter amount showed a higher ratio of somatic embryo induction, regeneration, and antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, proline and protein contents were decreased. An increase in chlorophyll content was observed in media with reduced macronutrients amount. Overall, elements may be linked to the frequency of somaclonal variation in an in vitro culture.