The hierarchical internal structure of labradorite

The different structural features of labradorite and its incommensurate atomic structure have long been in the eye of science. In this transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, all of the structural properties of labradorite could be investigated on a single crystal with an anorthite-albite-orthoclase composition of An(53)(.)(4)Ab(41)(.)(5)Or(5)(.1). The various properties of labradorite could thus be visualized and connected to form a hierarchical structure. Both albite and pericline twins occur in the labradorite. The size of alternating Ca-rich and Ca-poor lamellae could be measured and linked to the composition and the color of labradorescence. Furthermore, a modulation vector of 0.0580(15)a* + 0.0453(33)b* - 0.1888(28)c* with a period of 3.23 nm was determined. The results indicate an e(alpha) labradorite structure, which was achieved by forming Ca-rich and Ca-poor lamellae. The average structure and subsequently the incommensurate crystal structure were solved with a three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) data set acquired with automated diffraction tomography (ADT) from a single lamella. The results are in good agreement with the structure solved by X-ray diffraction and demonstrate that 3DED-ADT is suitable for solving even incommensurate structures.