Fractional PI^λD^µ controller design for non-linear PEM fuel cell for pressure control based on a genetic algorithm

A fractional-order dynamic model could more accurately model many real scenarios than an integer-order model and provide a more accurate description of numerous genuine dynamical processes. A seventh-order nonlinear proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is linearised in this research, taking into account correct initial conditions and equilibrium points.We consider the fluctuating load current as a disturbance parameter to affect the system. The goal is to find a control law for the MIMO system using a fractional PID controller based on a genetic algorithm. The controller is a critical part of the fuel cell which controls its functioning and efficiency. The goal is accomplished by designing a fractional controller to adjust the natural response of the fuel cell reactor and maintain the desired Power output in the face of uncertainties and disturbances. The validation results demonstrate that the fractional PIλDµ(FOPID) control method has a smaller overshoot and higher stability than the PID control method. Moreover, it is also observed that the operation efficiency of the PEMFC has risen by 2% with a response timing of less than 0.1 s using the developed fractional PIλDµ(FOPID) control technique.