Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil of Elsholtzia ciliata obtained at Central Highlands of Vietnam’s Two Seasons

From the essential oil of the whole plant from Elsholtzia ciliata, obtained by hydrodistillation and then using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to analyze and identify 42 constituents, carveol (26.89%) and z-citral (29.35%) main contents (collected in the dry season time); and 46 constituents, cis-ocimene (17.95%), carveol (14.84%), Z-citral (17.01%), isocaryophyllene (13.19%) and trans-caryophyllene (9.76%) as main contents (collected in the rainy season time). The major essential oils in dry season exhibited good inhibition activity on the Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC value of 200 μg/mL; exhibited weak cytotoxic activity on the PC-3 line (IC50 66.34 μg/mL) and A549 line (IC50 93.11 μg/mL). The essential oils in rainy season exhibited good inhibition activity on the Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with MIC value of 200 μg/mL and Candida albicans with MIC value of 100 μg/mL; displayed good cytotoxic activity on the PC-3 line (IC50 30.62 μg/mL) and Hep-G2 line (IC50 22.78 μg/mL), however have weak cytotoxic activity on the A549 line (IC50 85.35 μg/mL).