Real-Time Co-simulation Platform for Security Analysis of Distribution Automation Systems

Recently, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been significantly integrated within Power Distribution Systems (PDSs), which are a critical component of the electric grids. Such an integration resulted in the emergence of Smart Power Distribution Networks (SPDNs) that benefits from Distribution Automation Systems (DASs) to provide various operational advantages for the operators of these large-scale, complex, and critical low-voltage grids. Extensive utilization of ICTs, however, exposes the SPDNs to potential cyber attacks. In this context, we introduce a new real-time co-simulation platform specifically designed for analyzing cyber attacks targeting SPDNs using actual data exchange protocols. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic effort to build such a realistic testbed. The proposed cyber-physical platform employs a free and open-source power system simulator, i.e., OpenDSS-G, to simulate the physical grid. Moreover, IEC 60870-5-104 protocol, which is used for DAS applications, is employed via a network emulator. Additionally, several DAS applications, including feeder reconfiguration, voltage regulation, and fault isolation and service restoration, are implemented in IEEE 33-bus distribution system benchmark. Finally, the capabilities of the developed platform are illustrated in the context of a demonstrative attack scenario.