Detection of multiple waves for COVID-19 and its optimal control through media awareness and vaccination: study based on some Indian states

COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease, and in very recent times, it has shown a massive impact throughout the globe. Several countries faced the COVID-19 infection waves multiple times. These later waves are more aggressive than the first wave and drastically impact social and economic factors. We developed a mechanistic model with imperfect lockdown effect, reinfection, transmission variability between symptomatic asymptomatic, and media awareness to focus on the early detection of multiple waves and their control measures. Using daily COVID-19 cases data from six states of India, we estimated several important model parameters. Moreover, we estimated the home quarantine, community, and basic reproduction numbers. We developed an algorithm to carry out global sensitivity analysis (Sobol) of the parameters that influence the number of COVID-19 waves ( W_C ) and the average number of COVID-19 cases in a wave ( A_W ). We have identified some critical controlling parameters that mainly influenced W_C and A_W . Our study also revealed the best COVID-19 control strategy/strategies among vaccination, media awareness, and their combination using an optimal cost-effective study. The detailed analysis suggests that the severity of asymptomatic transmission is around 10