Bayesian neural networks enabled snapshot polarized light scattering spectroscopy with uncertainty quantification

•Snapshot polarized light scattering spectroscopy (PLSS) achieves real time inversion of nuclear size with Bayesian deep learning.•The lack of labeled data for network training is solved by using synthetic spectra.•The nuclear size inversion task considered as classification problem.•The Bayesian CNN classification network outperforms the Bayesian FNN regression network in terms of uncertainty quantification.