MCU knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves memory performance of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative disorder accompanied by cognitive decline, which could be promoted by mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mitochondrial Ca (mCa ) homeostasis Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a key channel of mCa uptake, may be a target for AD treatment. In the present study, we reveal for the first time that knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves the memory performance of APP/PS1/tau mice through radial arm maze task. Western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Golgi staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA results demonstrate that knockdown in hippocampal neurons upregulates the levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYP), and increases the numbers of synapses and dendritic spines. Meanwhile, knockdown in hippocampal neurons decreases the neuroinflammatory response induced by astrogliosis and high levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, and improves the PINK1-Parkin mitophagy signaling pathway and increases the level of Beclin-1 but decreases the level of P62. In addition, knockdown in hippocampal neurons recovers the average volume and number of mitochondria. These data confirm that knockdown in hippocampal neurons improves the memory performance of APP/PS1/tau mice through ameliorating the synapse structure and function, relieving the inflammation response and recovering mitophagy, indicating that MCU inhibition has the potential to be developed as a novel therapy for AD.