Prevalence and Risk Factors of Peri-Implant Disease: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Western China

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of peri-implant disease and identify potential disease risk factors in western China. Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in 131 consecutive patients receiving 248 dental implants treated with implant-supported prostheses with a mean follow-up of 2.52 years. Several patient-related, implant-related, and oral hygiene maintenance factors were analyzed. Results: Peri-implant disease developed in 68 (51.91%) patients and 110 (44.35%) implants. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 45.80% and 7.63%, respectively, at the subject level, and 36.69% and 7.66%, respectively, at the implant level. Multivariate analysis exhibited that male [odds ratio (OR) = 1.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-3.57; p = 0.04], implant length < 10mm (OR = 7.87; 95% CI:1.62-38.46; p = 0.01), poor proximal contact of the prosthesis (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.06-3.42; p = 0.03), tooth brushing once a day (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.26-7.68; p = 0.04) and moderate periodontitis (OR = 13.00; 95% CI: 4.38-38.60; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for peri-implant disease.