Prevalence Of Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria On Environmental And Medical Device Surfaces Of Korea Nepal Friendship Hospital

The microbial monitoring of environmental and medical-devices’ surface is used to evaluate efficacy of routine cleaning and disinfection practises and to detect the presence of specific Nosocomial Pathogens. The prevalence of Multidrug Resistance organisms in hospital premises projects serious problems in transmitting to susceptible hosts which is difficult to treat. A cross sectional descriptive research was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 at the pathology laboratory of Korea Nepal Friendship Hospital (KNFH). A total 140 samples were considered, encompassing the medical devices of the hospital (100), housekeeping surfaces (15) and air (25). Susceptibility test for bacterial isolates was done by disk diffusion assay. Of the total 140 samples taken and analysed, 100% showed growth positivity. In most of the swabs taken, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was dominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. Micrococcus spp., E coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Fungi, and least Proteus spp. The dry surfaces were dominantly contaminated by gram positive bacteria whereas moistened surfaces like wash basin were contaminated by gram negative as well as gram positive bacteria. Total 277 strains were exposed to various class of antibiotics, among the gram positive environmental isolates, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 16 (34.78%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by Staphylococcus aureus 8 (29.62%), Streptococcus spp. 4 (12.90%), Micrococcus spp. 4 (9.30%) and no MDR was shown by any Bacillus spp isolates. Whereas, in case of gram negative, Klebsiella spp. 6 (35.29%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by Acinetobacter spp. 6 (31.57%), E. coli 8 (27.58%), Pseudomonas spp. 4 (18.18%), and lastly Proteus spp. with no MDR at all. The thick dirt covering the cotton swabs and heavy microbial load on them has displayed not only disinfecting practice but also cleaning practice is missing. Heavy contamination shows possible NIs breakout, it’s important to have routine microbial assessment with standard protocol and find ways to decrease its load. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * AC : Air Conditioner AST : Antibiotic Sensitivity Test BA : Blood Agar CDC : Centers for Disease Control CLSI : Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute Cm : Centimeter CoNS : Coagulase Negative Staphylococci CRI : Catheter Related Infections ECG : Electrocardiogram EEG : Electroencephalogram ENT : Ear, Nose and Throat HCW : Health Care Worker ICU : Intensive Care Unit KNFH : Korea Nepal Friendship Hospital MA : MacConkey Agar MDR : Multi Drug Resistant MHA : Muller Hinton Agar MRSA : Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus NA : Nutrient Agar NI : Nosocomial infection NNISS : National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system OT : Operation Theater OPD : Outdoor patient department POM : Pulse Oxy Meter POW : Post-Operative Ward SDA : Sabourd Dextrose agar SICU : Surgical Intensive Care Unit SIM : Sulphide Indole Motility Sq : Square TSI : Triple Sugar Iron UTI : Urinary Tract Infection WHO : World Health Organization