Perceptions of Co-Design, Co-Production and Co-Delivery (Co-3d) – Insights for Climate Science

Co-design, co-production, and co-delivery (Co-3D) are processes that are increasingly being used in climate science research projects, yet accounts are often lacking in the practice - and even more importantly the outcomes - of this trend. This paper outlines several case studies from Australia as examples of different projects engaging with Co-3D in different ways. Crucially, we include the perceptions and experiences of researchers, funders and delivery partners, as well as our own critical reflections. Each of the projects self-describes as using ‘co-production’, but the extent and format of co-production varies widely. We demonstrate how it is useful to think about how Co-3D can be employed in different combinations and to different effects. Rather than focusing on academic definitions and delineations between the terms, more practical accounts are required to help tease out the interplay, overlaps and different outcomes of different stakeholder engagement approaches and how these might be best applied for different contexts, problems and scales. Further, more evaluations of outcomes and stakeholder experiences are also required.