Hybrid Warfare — From Red to Blue Operational Behaviours

Abstract The manifestation of hybrid actions is not new, but their frequency has increased significantly lately. Nowadays, hybrid warfare is present anytime and everywhere in different forms, and with various degrees of amplitude. Given the fact that hybrid warfare is extremely difficult to decipher, starting with a literature review in the field, the article aims, first of all, to understand the behaviours of different actors from the perspective of their operational strategies. Also, within red and blue strategies identified, the article highlights the main instruments and capabilities used by both attackers and defenders. To fulfil these research objectives, an empirical research based on observation and a comparative analysis will be conducted.