Dietary Assessment Methods for Adults: A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Most Adequate Food Consumption Instrument

Abstract Objectives This systematic review aimed to evaluate the most adequate food consumption instrument applied in adults. Methods Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Lilacs were searched until to February 2022. Interventional and observational studies that compared at least two methods to evaluate food consumption were included. We excluded studies performed in children, adolescent, pregnant women, with animals and studies that not compare energy and/or macronutrients or compare different instruments of validation of food consumption. Results From 1769 studies, 19 reports were included. The studies provided data of 14,343 participants, aged 18–74 years (∼49 years), majority women (59%). Nine studies inform BMI (∼25kg/m²). Eleven studies compared 24HR to FFQ, three 24HR to FR, four FFQ to FR and only one study compare three instruments. FFQ presented overestimated energy intake when compared to 24HR in five studies, however two records that evaluated elderly and black women, FFQ seems to underestimated energy. FFQ also overestimated consumption when compared to FR. Studies that compared FR to 24HR, showed a moderate to good correlation between the instruments. Conclusions Overall, FFQ seems to overestimated food consumption when compared to 24HR and FR, while R24h and FR seems to demonstrated that the information obtained from both instruments was similar with close agreement. Funding Sources CAPES and Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos – FIPE/HCPA.