A Critical Review on Electric Vehicle Battery Failures and Causes

In the automobile sector, electric vehicles play a vital role. Many batteries for electric vehicles are now designed to fulfil the best characteristics from various perspectives such as storage efficiency, cost, safety, and usage life. Lithium ion, nickel metal hydride (ni-mh), lead acid, and sodium sulphur are some kinds of batteries typically used in electric vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) have changed the automobile industry worldwide in the last decade, due to this rapid development of Li-ion battery technology. The fire risk and hazard associated with this type of high battery, on the other hand, has become a serious safety problem for electric vehicles. This review focuses on the most recent EV fire-safety concerns, such as thermal runaway and fire in Li-ion batteries. Extreme overuse conditions, such as those caused by incorrect operation or traffic accidents, might result in thermal runaway or fire. The discharge of hazardous gas, fire, jet flames, and explosion may occur as a result of the battery’s failure. People have recently experienced several problems as a result of the unintentional burning and blasting of electric automobiles. The failures and causes of EV batteries are discussed in this paper.