A fast and accurate sine-cosine MPPT algorithm under partial shading with implementation using arduino board

In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate algorithm for global maximum power point tracking (GMPP) based on the sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) of a photovoltaic system (PV) for various weather changes. The objective of this algorithm is to improve the tracking performance of the MPP controller, for optimal power extraction from a PV system under partial shading conditions (PSC). The performance of the proposed SCA algorithm was tested and compared to other algorithms such as perturb and observe (P&O) and the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) under static and dynamic PSC. The simulation results show the superiority and efficiency of the PV system controlled by the SCA algorithm, which outperforms other algorithms in fast and accurate GMPP tracking, fast response time, accelerated convergence speed, very low initial oscillation, very low MPP steady-state oscillation and PV system efficiency that reaches 99.94% under different weather PSC. Moreover, the proposed SCA algorithm is validated by following the V-cycle validation and verification process by integrating the generated embedded software on an onboard “Arduino MKR ZERO board”, which is used as a digital platform for implement the proposed SCA algorithm.