Nexus between carbon emissions, economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, technological innovation, and forest area towards achieving environmental sustainability in Bangladesh

•Improving environmental quality through reducing emissions is the central pillar of climate change mitigation and achieving sustainable development goals.•The empirical results indicate that economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization increase carbon emissions in Bangladesh while improving renewable energy use, technological innovation, and forest area assistance to achieve environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions.•This study provides recommendations for designing effective policies related to a low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, green industrialization, financing technological advancement, and sustainable forest management, which could help to achieve environmental sustainability through emission reduction in Bangladesh.