Sulfate sources of thermochemical sulfate reduction and hydrogen sulfide distributions in the Permian Changxing and Triassic Feixianguan formations, Sichuan Basin, SW China

The sulfate sources of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) distributions in the Permian Changxing (P2c) and Triassic Feixianguan formations (T1f) in the Sichuan Basin were investigated using geochemical and carbon isotopic data for gases, and sulfur isotopic data for solid bitumen, H2S, and anhydrite. The concentration of H2S (>5.0%) is relatively high, and the δ34S values of the H2S are significantly higher than those of the Permian source rock kerogen, suggesting a TSR origin for the H2S. The δ13C values of the methane and ethane do not increase as the gas souring index (H2S/(H2S+∑Cn)) increases, and the δ34S values of the H2S are significantly lower than those of the solid bitumen, suggesting mainly liquid hydrocarbon dominated-TSR. The δ34S values of the solid bitumen and H2S in the Puguang gas field in the eastern platform are significantly lower than those in the Yuanba gas field in the western platform, and the sulfates for the TSR were most likely derived from the Early and Late T1f evaporative seawater, respectively. The sulfates required for TSR were most likely enriched during dolomitization based on the positive relationship between the H2S concentrations and the thickness of the dolostone reservoirs. The H2S distributions were mainly controlled by the sulfate distributions and the paleo-oil accumulations. The edges of the eastern and western platforms in the Kaijiang-Liangping trough, which were favorable for dolomitization and paleo-oil accumulations, are the most likely H2S-enriched areas in the Sichuan Basin.