Gain-Cell CIM: Leakage and Bitline Swing Aware 2T1C Gain-Cell eDRAM Compute in Memory Design with Bitline Precharge DACs and Compact Schmitt Trigger ADCs

We present a leakage and read bitline (RBL) swing aware Compute-in-Memory (CIM) design leveraging a promising high-density gain-cell embedded DRAM bitcell and the intrinsic RBL capacitors to perform CIM computations within the limited RBL swing available in a 2T1C eDRAM. The CIM D/A converters (DAC) are realized intrinsically with variable RBL precharge voltage levels. A/D converters (ADC) are realized using Schmitt Triggers (ST) as compact and reconfigurable Flash comparators. A 65nm CMOS prototype achieves energy efficiency of 7.4-236 TOPS/W, 13.1-411 GOPS/mm ² for the CIFAR-10 dataset with ResNet-20 and improves the defined FoM by 2.3-4.3X over prior CIM designs.