Analysis of the biotransformation mechanism of soy isoflavones via equol-producing HMA mice model

•This study is the first to use the equol-producing human microbiota-associated mice model to study the soy isoflavones biotransformation mechanisms.•The soy isoflavones supplement improves carbon metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, and key metabolic regulatory factors, thereby promoting the biotransformation ability of soy isoflavones.•Mid-dose soy isoflavones enhances biotransformation, which may be related to changes in the gut microbiota.