Coordinated allocation of soft open point and converter‐based energy storage systems in PV penetrated active distribution networks

Soft open point-based energy storage (SOP-based ES) can realize the real-time adjustment of transmission power in space and peak load shaving in time, further promoting the integration of distributed generations (DGs) and decreasing the allocation cost. This article proposed an optimal planning model for coordinated allocation of SOP-based ES and conventional independent ES systems in PV penetrated Active Distribution Networks (ADN). First, the planning models of SOP-based ES, battery of ES systems and its lifetime are established. Second, the proposed coordinated allocation model aims to minimize the total planning cost, including power exchange cost, investment cost, operation cost, battery degradation cost and loss cost. In order to solve the uncertainty of PV output and load demand, the stochastic optimization model is established with scenarios reduced by the K-means clustering technique. Third, the linearization model of the battery degradation cost is derived to transform the optimization model into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Finally, the presented model is implemented on an IEEE 33-node distribution system to confirm its effectiveness. The case study results show that the coordinated allocation of SOP and converter-based ES can effectively reduce the allocation cost of ES and promote the integration of DGs.