CEP-1347 Targets MDM4 Protein Expression to Activate p53 and Inhibit the Growth of Glioma Cells

Background/Aim: The development of pharmacological inhibitors targeting negative regulators of p53, such as murine double minute (MDM) 2 and, more recently, MDM4, has been actively pursued as a potential strategy to treat cancers with wild-type p53. We previously showed that CEP-1347, a small molecule kinase inhibitor originally developed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, suppressed MDM4 expression and activated wild-type p53 in retinoblastoma cells. However, it remains unknown whether CEP-1347 acts as an MDM4 inhibitor and as such activates p53 in other types of human cancer cells.Materials and Methods: The effects of CEP-1347 and MDM4 knockdown on the mRNA and protein expression of components of the p53 pathway, including MDM4, in human glioma cell lines with and without p53 mutation were examined by RT-PCR and western blot analyses. Trypan blue dye exclusion was used to examine the effect of CEP-1347 on cell growth.Results: CEP1347 decreased the expression of MDM4, increase that of p53, and activated the p53 pathway in glioma cells with wild-type p53. Knockdown-mediated inhibition of MDM4 expression in a glioma cell line with wild-type p53 that overexpresses MDM4 resulted in increased p53 expression and activation of the p53 pathway. CEP-1347 preferentially inhibited the growth of glioma cells with wild-type p53 without showing toxicity to normal cells at clinically relevant concentrations.Conclusion: Our findings suggest CEP-1347 is a novel inhibitor of MDM4 protein expression and as such activates p53 to inhibit the growth of cancer cells with wild-type p53, including retinoblastoma and glioblastoma.