Facile Amide Bond Formation with TCFH–NMI in an Organic Laboratory Course
Journal of Chemical Education(2022)
Abstract
A new undergraduate organic laboratory experiment has been developed for amide bond formation between biorenewable 2-furoic acid and either of two substituted piperazines to prepare medicinally relevant amide products using a procedure with industrial significance. The reactions proceeded smoothly under ambient conditions using the combination of N,N,N ',N '-tetramethylchloroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate (TCFH) and N-methylimidazole (NMI) in a minimal volume of acetonitrile with a direct crystallization upon addition of water. Students successfully collected their product by filtration and then characterized it by NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT-135, HSQC), IR, MS, and melting point. Students also explored the reaction mechanism and compared green chemistry aspects of their procedure with literature routes. A virtual version of the experiment was adapted for remote instruction.
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Key words
Second-Year Undergraduate,Upper-Division Undergraduate,Organic Chemistry,Collaborative,Cooperative Learning,Green Chemistry,Mechanisms of Reactions,NMR Spectroscopy
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