The relationships between use of alcohol, tobacco and coffee in adolescence and mood disorders in adulthood.

Ingeborg Bolstad,Anni-Emilia Alakokkare,Jørgen G Bramness,Eline B Rognli,Jonna Levola,Antti Mustonen,Jouko Miettunen,Solja Niemelä

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica（2022）

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摘要

This is the first study to report an association of adolescent cigarette smoking and subsequent bipolar disorder diagnosis providing grounds for further research and pointing to a place for preventive measures among adolescents.

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关键词

adolescence,alcohol,bipolar disorder,coffee,major depression,mood disorder,tobacco

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