Interface of ‘meta-omics’ in gut biome remediation to unravel the complications of environmental pollutants

The impact of pollutants in the environment interferes with the everyday existence of humans and deteriorates their health. This results in the progressive change and malfunctioning of physiological systems that lead to several infirmities. This challenge has driven me to review various factors that can reverse the adverse conditions which threaten human health. Bioremediation has been a favored approach to mitigate toxic environmental pollutants through microbes. It is known that ecological pollutants reach the human gut through the food chain. Hence, it is imperative to review the role of the human gut microbiome in the metabolism of pollutants. The physiological functioning of the gut is immensely affected by the metabolism of pollutants, thereby increasing the intensity of bad bacteria and pathogenesis. In particular, the gut microbiome's metabolic activity is considered a foremost contributor to enhancing essential components like the immune and nervous systems. Probiotics can serve as promising candidates for protecting the body against food- water-derived contaminants that can induce toxicity. Multitudes of computational resources such as MG RAST, Metastorm, QIIME, and Metaphin offer exploration of the metagenomic composition before and after pollutant effects. Transcriptomics approaches unravel the differential gene expression signatures that elucidate the gene biomarkers for bioremediation. Hence, this review aims to solve the role and mechanism of the gut microbiome in metabolizing the pollutants and thereby reducing environmental contaminants’ toxicity.