Pneumocystis Pneumonia Mimicking Atypical Pneumonia in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

We report a case of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) that mimicked atypical pneumonia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 44-year-old Japanese man with persistent fever and dyspnea for a month was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia because of bilateral ground-glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT). Ground-glass opacities on chest CT diminished with three days treatment of azithromycin; however, his symptoms were persistent. Final diagnosis of HIV and PCP infection was eventually confirmed. Physicians should consider the possibility of PCP even when pulmonary manifestations resolve with azithromycin in patients with HIV infection.