Oncocytic nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid

Nodular hyperplasia of the thyroid is a process whereby the gland experiences growth by nodular expansion of thyroid parenchyma. We have encountered 45 patients in whom the process was caused by the growth of well-defined and sharply circumscribed but unencapsulated nodules composed of oncocytic thyroid follicular cells. The lesions arose in 39 women and 6 men, aged 25–69 years (mean = 50.3 years). The surrounding thyroid parenchyma showed features of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The nodules varied from microscopic to 5 cm and appeared to compress the surrounding thyroid parenchyma. Most of the lesions lacked a well-defined capsule. In 26 tumors, the nodules displayed a predominantly follicular pattern of growth; in 8 cases there were admixtures of follicular and trabecular patterns with focal solid areas devoid of follicles. Clinical follow-up in 39 patients ranging from 7 to 22 years (median = 16 years) showed no evidence of recurrence, metastasis, or malignant transformation. One patient died of unknown causes 15 years after the diagnosis, and another patient died 4 years after diagnosis from metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Oncocytic nodular hyperplasia is a benign process associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis that should be distinguished from benign and malignant oncocytic (Hurthle cell) tumors of the thyroid.