Evaluation and comparison of adaptive immunity through analyzing the diversities and clonalities of T-cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood

The adaptive immune system plays an important role in defending against different kinds of diseases, including infection and cancer. There has been a longtime need for a simple method to quantitatively evaluate the potency of adaptive immunity in our bodies. The tremendously diversified T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires are the foundation of the adaptive immune system. In this study, we analyzed the expressed TCR beta repertoires in the peripheral blood of 582 healthy donors and 60 cancer patients. The TCR repertoire in each individual is different, with different usages of TCR V beta and J beta genes. Importantly, the TCR diversity and clonality change along with age and disease situation. Most elder individuals and cancer patients have elevated numbers of large TCR beta clones and reduced numbers of shared common clones, and thus, they have very low TCR diversity index (D-50) values. These results reveal the alteration of the expressed TCR beta repertoire with aging and oncogenesis, and thus, we hypothesize that the TCR diversity and clonality in the peripheral blood might be used to evaluate and compare the adaptive immunities among different individuals in clinical practice.