Enhance groundwater quality assessment using integrated vertical electrical sounding and physio-chemical analyses in Umuahia South, Nigeria

The growing demand for multifaceted and interdisciplinary techniques to analyze subterranean water quality inspired the use of electrical resistivity in assessing the research area's underground water quality. Scholars in the area have been concerned about the area's subterranean water quality. The current study is a contribution to geophysics and geophysical instruments in offering insight into the quality of the area's underground water. As a geophysical tool, the electrical sounding technique incorporates surface measurement of physical parameters and does not require the boring of a borehole to examine subsurface water. As a result, despite the amount of information it offers from deep inside the earth, the technology can be highly cost-effective. The computer-modeled interpretation approaches aided in determining the true aquifer thickness, resistivity, and electrical conductivity of the area's aquiferous zone, which are usually needed to refer to direct the ground water quality of the research area. According to the Vertical Electrical Sounding data interpretation, the entire area is made up of excellent aquifers with water quality that is considered standard and acceptable for domestic use. Nevertheless, there are some unique communities with extraordinarily high electrical conductivity values, such as Ogbodinibe. This is mostly due to the aquifer's high concentration of dissolved ions, which makes the underground water dangerous.