A method based on the theories of game and extension cloud for risk assessment of construction safety: A case study considering disaster-inducing factors in the construction process

With the rapid development of the global economy, construction safety has increasingly become a concern for sustainable social development. This study focuses on the risk levels of construction safety considering disaster-inducing factors and proposes countermeasures to address them. There are numerous casualties in the construction industry, which causes tremendous grief to the families of construction workers. Therefore, it is crucial to study this research problem to reduce casualties. The aim of this study was to monitor and provide warnings about risks in advance using scientific assessment models to reduce the possibility and severity of disasters. A risk assessment model based on game theory and extension cloud theory was developed to analyse the safety resilience between various indicators and determine the risk levels. The best worst method was used to replace the traditional subjective method in the model. The results showed that the expected and entropy values of the construction risk were 3.2107 and 0.0260, respectively. Moreover, the confidence factor was 0.0081, which was within the confidence interval. Hence, the result was considered credible. In addition, the maximum value of the comprehensive evaluation vector J was 0.1177, corresponding to a high comprehensive risk-resilience level for the project. Indicators with higher levels of safety resilience were revealed from the results of this study, which should be fully considered. Moreover, these results provide novel stochastic and objective methods for safety managers. This study considered the disaster-inducing factors when assessing construction safety risks, which is a pioneering attempt in this field.