Varieties of Nationalism and Attitudes about Conflict and Cooperation

This chapter covers the varieties of nationalism and attitudes regarding conflict and cooperation. According to a theoretical architecture conceptualizing nationalism, unity-oriented nationalism and equality-oriented nationalism lead to competing attitudes about intergroup conflict and intragroup cooperation in international politics. Moreover, unity promotes nationalist aggression, whereas equality stimulates international cooperation. Incorporating the content of a social group could help make novel predictions about which nationalists would support the integration of militarism, escalation, or security. Additionally, treating nationalisms as social identities synthesizes national and supranational as levels of categorization that matter to foreign policy attitudes. Ethnic nationalism signifies a biological connection, while civic nationalism refers to a voluntary and universal association.