Assessment of Clinical Outcomes, Clinical Manifestations, and Risk Factors for Hepatic Infarction After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement (TIPS): A Retrospective Comparative Study

Purpose To describe the imaging findings of hepatic infarction after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and identify risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of infarction after TIPS. Materials and Methods In this retrospective analysis of a TIPS registry (1995–2021), cirrhotic patients with hepatic infarction ( n = 33) and control patients without infarct ( n = 33) after TIPS were identified. Laboratory values, ultrasound findings, and clinical variables were compared between groups to identify risk factors and differences in outcomes. A Cox proportional hazards regression model with propensity score was used to assess the effect of hepatic infarction on mortality and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) score. Results Hepatic infarction involved the right posterior segments (segments VI or VII) in 32 of 33 patients. Prolonged vasopressor requirement ( p = 0.003) and intensive care unit stay ( p = 0.001) were seen in patients with hepatic infarct, as well as trends toward lower post-TIPS portosystemic pressure gradient ( p = 0.061) and higher risk of ACLF ( p = 0.056). Procedure-related portal vein thrombosis or hepatic artery injury was identified in 12 and 5 patients with infarct, respectively. Patients with infarct had higher postprocedural aspartate aminotransferase ( p < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase ( p < 0.001) levels, higher international normalized ratio ( p = 0.016), lower platelet count ( p = 0.042), and a greater decrease in hemoglobin level ( p = 0.003). Conclusion Hepatic infarction most frequently affects the right posterior hepatic segments after TIPS and results in a worse postprocedural course. Procedure-related complications and critically low portosystemic pressure gradient may contribute to TIPS-associated hepatic infarct.