Recent advances in catalytic synthesis of pyridine derivatives

In recent years, the fundamental variety and biological influence of pyridine and its derivatives make them fascinating aims for preparation. These versatile compounds can be found in several bioactive natural products, drugs, functional materials and have been known as important chemical and pharmaceutical agents. As a result, the synthesis of pyridines remains an attractive subject to industrial and synthetic chemists. Based on the aforementioned properties, in this chapter, the recent advances in the catalytic synthesis of pyridine and its derivatives are collected. Several heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic methods such as acidic and basic catalysts, nanocatalysis, ionic liquids, and molten salts, supported catalysts, transition metal catalysis, organocatalysts, I2, etc. have been employed for the synthesis of pyridines. Furthermore, these interesting compounds were constructed by numerous protocols such as metal-free catalysis, classical heating, sonication, and microwave irradiation by using solvents or solvent-free conditions. Also, this chapter highlights regioselectivity, isolated yields, and reaction conditions for the catalytic synthesis of pyridine derivatives.