Second-Generation Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Inhibitors Induce Differentiation Dysregulation and Exert Toxic Effects in Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Mouse Models.

Exposure to some InSTIs, even at subtherapeutic concentrations, can induce adverse effects in hESCs and pregnant mice. Given the increasingly prevalent use of second-generation InSTIs, including in women of reproductive age, it is imperative to further elucidate the effect of InSTIs on embryonic development, as well as their long-term safety after in utero exposure.