The risk of bias of non-randomized observational studies in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review using ROBINS-I

In this review, we demonstrate the high RoB of observational studies evaluating DIEP breast reconstruction, which may jeopardize the validity of findings. We recommend that authors consult the ROBINS-I tool not only when assessing observational studies for systematic reviews but also when designing or conducting these studies. In our study, we present additional considerations for each domain to provide researchers with guidance on assessing and conducting surgical observational studies.