Malnutrition in Elderly Pilgrims Attending Kumbh Festival 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives: Geriatric population is at increased risk of malnutrition which in turn leads to decreased immunity, sarcopenia, frailty and poor clinical outcomes. This study was planned to study the prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly people (> 60 yrs) attending Kumbh Mahotsava. The objectives of the study were to see the association of malnutrition with socioeconomic status, gender, age and geriatric syndromes. Methods: Cross sectional observational study in elderly more than 60 years attending Kumbh Festival. Nutritional assessment was done using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the modified Kuppuswamy score. Anthropometric data like body mass index (BMI), calf circumference, and upper mid-arm circumference were measured. All the above data points were integrated into a web application and the socioeconomic and nutritional score were calculated automatically. Based on nutritional assessment nutritional advice was given by a short message service and verbal counseling. Prevalence of malnutrition and its association with socioeconomic status, gender, age and geriatric syndromes were analysed. Results: Total 219 elderly were included in the study. Mean age was 68.5 years. Around 70% (152/219) were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Nutritional status was significantly associated with modified Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status (P = < 0.001). There was a significant association between nutritional status and presence of geriatric syndromes in form of having a falls (P= 0.010), leaking of urine (P= < 0.001) and forgetfulness (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Around 70% (152/219) of the elderly were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition with significant ssociation with socioeconomic status and geriatric syndromes. This study shows the importance of screening our geriatric population for malnutrition.