Folk taxonomy and scientific nomenclature: Working together for conservation of fishery resources in Brazil

•Folk taxonomy can be used as a source of up-to-date information on local fishery resources, complement threatened species official lists, and benefit fisheries management and conservation actions.•The analysis of folk taxonomy can provide valuable information about species diversity and richness. Coupled with local ecological knowledge, it may also highlight capture methods best suited to target species, and interactions between fishes and other fisheries resources.